Detection, resection and cure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18F-choline PET in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrine disorder caused by an autonomous overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by a parathyroid gland. Over the last decade, ¹⁸F-choline (FCH) PET has emerged as a highly performant imaging technique for guiding parathyroidectomy. As cure is the goal of surgery, the main aims of this study were to summarize patient-based sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and cure rate of FCH PET guided surgery in the surgical management of pHPT.

Evidence acquisition: We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis according to the PRISMA Guidelines. A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane databases, last updated November 2022. Original articles on choline PET in patients with pHPT mentioning patient-based sensitivity, PPV and cure rate were retained. Quality of included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 Tool. Patient-based sensitivity, PPV and cure rate were pooled by using a random-effects model.

Evidence synthesis: Twenty-three studies including 1716 patients were included for quantitative assessment. FCH PET showed a pooled patient-based sensitivity of 93.8% (95% CI: 89.8-96.3) and PPV of 97% (95% CI: 92.8-98.8) in patients with pHPT. Parathyroid surgery was performed in 1129 patients. The pooled cure rate of PET-guided surgery was 92.8% (95% CI: 87.4-96.0). Heterogeneity was shown to be moderate for all effect sizes.

Conclusions: FCH PET showed a high patient-based sensitivity, PPV and cure rate of PET guided surgery in patients with pHPT.