Determinants of utilization of antenatal care services among recently delivered women residing in urban poor areas of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India-a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the proportion of women having four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits and to assess associated factors (utilization of ANC services) in poor urban settlements in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. Material and Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study. The study population included females who delivered during the last year residing in the target location. The data were collected through the house-to-house method in the four selected areas using a structured pre-tested expert-validated questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 using descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques. Results: There was a 59.66% prevalence of four or more antenatal visits (52.01%-66.97%). Only 26.44% of the participants confirmed their husbands' company during their antenatal visits. Socioeconomic status, type of family, mother's educational status, parity, husband's company during the visit, and mother's autonomy were significant factors (P<0.005) associated with the number of ANC visits. In logistic regression, after adjusting for other covariates, the autonomy of the participants and the husband's involvement during the visit were found to be significantly associated with four or more ANC visits. Conclusions: Approximately 60% of participants in poor urban settlements had four or more ANC visits. The findings of our study affirm the involvement of husbands in antenatal visits and women's autonomy as significant determinants of antenatal care utilization.