{"title":"重力假设与运输成本最小化","authors":"John M. Hartwick","doi":"10.1016/0034-3331(72)90036-X","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hitchcock-Koopmans transportation is linked to the gravity ‘model’ of regional analysis with the aid of two new analytical results. Eighty transportation problems are generated by Monte Carlo methods and solved by linear programming. The transportation cost minimizing flows are compared with the flows generated by gravity methods in least squares regressions and in other non-parametric tests. Flows generated by gravity methods are indicated to be relatively poor proxies for those generated in a transportation cost minimizing system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101068,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Urban Economics","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 297-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1972-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0034-3331(72)90036-X","citationCount":"13","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The gravity hypothesis and transportation cost minimization\",\"authors\":\"John M. Hartwick\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/0034-3331(72)90036-X\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The Hitchcock-Koopmans transportation is linked to the gravity ‘model’ of regional analysis with the aid of two new analytical results. Eighty transportation problems are generated by Monte Carlo methods and solved by linear programming. The transportation cost minimizing flows are compared with the flows generated by gravity methods in least squares regressions and in other non-parametric tests. Flows generated by gravity methods are indicated to be relatively poor proxies for those generated in a transportation cost minimizing system.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":101068,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Regional and Urban Economics\",\"volume\":\"2 3\",\"pages\":\"Pages 297-308\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1972-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0034-3331(72)90036-X\",\"citationCount\":\"13\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Regional and Urban Economics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/003433317290036X\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Regional and Urban Economics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/003433317290036X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
The gravity hypothesis and transportation cost minimization
The Hitchcock-Koopmans transportation is linked to the gravity ‘model’ of regional analysis with the aid of two new analytical results. Eighty transportation problems are generated by Monte Carlo methods and solved by linear programming. The transportation cost minimizing flows are compared with the flows generated by gravity methods in least squares regressions and in other non-parametric tests. Flows generated by gravity methods are indicated to be relatively poor proxies for those generated in a transportation cost minimizing system.
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