早期儒家的“人至上”及其道家批判

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES

Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI:10.4312/as.2023.11.3.71-92

Hans-Georg Moeller

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引用次数: 0

摘要

早期的儒家文本《孟子》和《荀子》严格区分了人与非人的领域，并制定了族谱和“人至上”的理论。从人类优于动物和其他非人类的主张出发，他们得出了社会政治结论，即前者应该通过统治和驯化后者来实现至高无上的地位。《庄子》继承了《老子》中非人本主义的思想，有力地挑战了这些宗谱和理论。《庄子》中的许多故事都表达了一种道家的反人道主义，试图颠覆“人本至上”，尤其是其社会政治和道德实践。结论是，道家的这种具体的反人道主义是嵌入在一个更广泛的促进人类安逸状态的项目中，它的功能是治疗性的，而不是意识形态的。

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Early Confucian “Human Supremacy” and Its Daoist Critique

The early Confucian texts Mengzi 孟子 and Xunzi 荀子 introduce strict distinctions between the human and non-human realms and formulate genealogies and theories of “human supremacy”. Starting from the claim that humans are superior to animals and other non-human beings, they draw the sociopolitical conclusion that the former ought to enact supremacy by dominating and domesticating the latter. Taking up non-humanist ideas formulated in the Laozi 老子, the Zhuangzi 莊子forcefully challenges those genealogies and theories. Numerous stories in the Zhuangzi express a Daoist anti-humanism seeking to subvert “humanist supremacy”, and, especially, its sociopolitical and moral practice. It is concluded that this specific Daoist anti-humanism is embedded in a wider project of promoting a state of human ease, and that its function is therapeutic rather than ideological.

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来源期刊

Critical Asian Studies AREA STUDIES-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

3.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： Critical Asian Studies is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal that welcomes unsolicited essays, reviews, translations, interviews, photo essays, and letters about Asia and the Pacific, particularly those that challenge the accepted formulas for understanding the Asia and Pacific regions, the world, and ourselves. Published now by Routledge Journals, part of the Taylor & Francis Group, Critical Asian Studies remains true to the mission that was articulated for the journal in 1967 by the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars.