不同配套作物农园中抗非生物环境因子基因型的选择

S. Orlov, A. Hahin, S. V. Syniohub, S. M. Brovko
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摘要

春野豌豆的人工选育从F1杂交苗圃选育材料开始。不同背景下春野豌豆后代植株成活率差异显著:燕麦背景下,其成活率为21.8% ~ 34.4%,平均为27.5%;白芥菜背景下,其成活率为40.2% ~ 53.35%,平均为- 47.2%。春野豌豆与燕麦混播的竞争力未见稳定,但人工群体F4的成熟株占比较F3下降了0.5 ~ 7.9%。在芥菜的背景下,春豌豆的成熟植株较多,表明芥菜的竞争力远低于燕麦。结果表明,各种群在燕麦和白芥菜后均以低生产力植物为主。选择系数(每捆)平均从背景燕麦的19%到白芥菜的34.1%,总共选择了2240个优良植株。因此,在第一阶段,选择在栽培下存活的春豌豆植株和配套作物。春野豌豆在有燕麦的农田中成活率为17.3% ~ 31.3%。获得优质植株2054株。第二阶段人工选育苗圃以春野豌豆为材料,对前一年的竞争背景进行抗性试验。春野豌豆植株成活率为17.6% ~ 24.5%,获得优良植株2432株。第三阶段,对春野豌豆与燕麦、白芥菜混播后代进行研究,在燕麦和白芥菜背景下,分别筛选出546株和1694株,共筛选出2240株。选择植株的比例表明,不能与配套作物竞争的春野豌豆基因型在种群中被淘汰。有目的地选择春野豌豆人工杂交种,有利于形成遗传平衡系,增强对非生物环境因子的抗性。关键词:春豌豆,杂交,选择,产量,混播。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Selection of vetch (Vicia sativa l.) genotypes resistant to abiotic environmental factors in the agrocoenoses with various supporting crops
Artificial selection of spring vetch began with hybrid materials selected from the nursery of the F1 hybrids. When studying spring vetch on different backgrounds, there was a significant difference between the offspring in terms of plant survival rate: against the background of oats, its values ranged from 21.8 to 34.4 % with an average of 27.5 %, and after white mustard - from 40 .2 to 53.35 % at - 47.2 %. Stabilization of the competitiveness of spring vetch in mixed sowing with oats was not observed, but there was a decrease in the share of full-fledged plants of the artificial population F4 from 0.5 to 7.9% compared to F3. There were more full-fledged spring vetch plants against the background of mustard, it was indicates that mustard has much lower competitiveness compared to oats. It was found that in each population plants with low productivity prevailed both after oats and after white mustard. The selection coefficient (per a sheaf) averaged from 19 % against background oats and up to 34.1 % - after white mustard, a total of 2240 elite plants were selected. Thus, at the first stage, spring vetch plants survived under cultivation with a supporting crop were selected. The survival rate of spring vetch in the agrocenosis with oats varied from 17.3 to 31.3 %. 2054 elite plants were obtained. The second stage of the artificial selection nursery was formed from the material of spring vetch which was tested for resistance to the competitive background of the previous year. The survival rate of spring vetch plants varied from 17.6 % to 24.5 %, 2432 elite plants were obtained. At the third stage, the offspring of spring vetch in mixed sowing with oat and white mustard was studied: 546 elite plants against the background of oat and 1694 against the background of white mustard were selected, with a total of 2240 elite plants selected. The percentage of selected plants indicates that spring vetch genotypes which cannot compete with the supporting crops and between themselves are eliminated from the population. Purposeful selection of artificial hybrid population of spring vetch promotes the formation of genetically balanced lines with increased resistance to abiotic environmental factors. Key words: spring vetch, hybrid, selection, productivity, mixed sowing.
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