Happy people: Who are they? A pilot indigenous study on conceptualization of happiness in Vietnam

the theoretical for us to conduct preliminary research. The is 23.90 ( SD 2.48). collected in-depth procedures The results of data analysis indicate the following crite-ria to consider an individual as being happy or unhappy: 1) material living standard; 2) health and outlook; 3) self-actualization; 4) community belonging; 5) social relationships; 6) relationships with other family members; 7) positive psychological qualities; 8) personal safety; and 9) some other external factors. Of these, positive psychological qualities were chosen with the highest frequency, followed by self-actualization, social relationships, and relationships with other family members. The results of quantitative analysis also show a statistically significant difference in terms of positive psychological qualities by gender. The research results might be explained from a socio-cul-tural perspective and provide a scientific basis for large-scale studies on this topic in Vietnam. Happy people: Who are they?