CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN FOREST SOILS OF THE BAIKAL REGION DURING REFORESTATION

Data on changes in the biological activity of permafrost-taiga soils of the Baikal region during reforestation are presented. Microbiological analyses of soils were carried out according to generally accepted methods recommended by the Department of Soil Microorganisms of the Institute of Microbiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Soil samples for microbiological analysis were taken at a depth of up to 20 cm. The biological activity of permafrost-taiga soils was determined at three sites of larch forests of the Baikal region: yernikovo-bagulnikovy, lingonberry-raznotravny, bagulnikovo-raznotravny. As a result of the research, the following conclusions were made: the overall level of the number of microorganisms on the control variants of all larch forest sites is insignificant; deforestation leads to a change in the group structure, the level of abundance and biochemical activity of soil microorganisms; a wide spread of the group structure, compared with the control, a decrease in the number of some groups of microorganisms, the activity of a number of indicators of biochemical activity of soils on the TT-4 variant of” unsystematic " deforestation indicates an imbalance of the biological balance in the soil environment; the most favorable soil and ecological conditions for the development of microorganisms are created in the variants of fresh felling when using the TT-4 “narrow belts” and LP-49 “shuttle” technology; the biological activity of soils is highest in the variant of soils of old felling, which indicates the active functioning of the entire ecosystem. The general level of the number of microorganisms in the control variants of deforestation, violating the ecological balance of soil conditions, leads to a change in the group structure, the level of the number and enzymatic activity of soil microorganisms.