论述了混作蔬菜在害虫防治中的重要作用

Dejana Stanić
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引用次数: 0

摘要

蔬菜生产是农业生产中集约化程度最高、利润最高的环节之一,表现在单位面积单产、产量、纯利润和人力参与等方面。在生长期,蔬菜植物受到许多有害生物(害虫、疾病、杂草等)的侵害,这些有害生物可以完全影响蔬菜的生产。除了昆虫之外,蔬菜还会受到螨虫、线虫、蜗牛、啮齿动物和鸟类的破坏。昆虫是数量最多的害虫。半翅目、囊翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目昆虫对蔬菜植物的以上器官和地下部分造成损害,经常造成蔬菜植物的完全腐烂,特别是当种类增加时。为了保护环境和人类健康,有必要采用综合虫害防治的概念,其中包括仅在必要时使用化学措施,以尽可能少地保护天敌和污染环境。在这方面,目的是寻找不同的种植蔬菜的方法和途径来减少害虫的侵害,其中混合种植或不同蔬菜和蔬菜与药用植物的组合具有许多优势。其中最重要的是由于栽培植物的积极相互作用,减少了暴露和减少了害虫的袭击。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The importance mixed cropping vegetable plants in the protection from pests
Vegetable production is one the most intensive and profitable parts of agricultural production, which is manifested in the level of yield per area unit, output, net profit and participation of human work. During the vegetation period, vegetable plants are exposed to the attack of numerous harmful organisms (pests, diseases, weeds, etc.) that can completely compromise vegetable production. Except of insects, which make up the most numerous group of pests, vegetables are damaged by mites, nematodes, snails, rodents and birds. The insects species from different orders: Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera, damage above organs and underground parts of vegetable plants, often causing their complete decay, especially if the number of species has increased. In order to preserve the environmental conservation and human health, it is necessary to apply the concept of integrated pest control, which includes the application of chemical measures only when necessary, in a way that preserves natural enemies and pollutes the environment as little as possible. In this regard, the aim is to find different methods and ways of growing vegetables to reduce pest infestation, where mixed cropping or consociations of different vegetables and vegetables together with medicinal plants has many advantages. The most important of that is less exposure and reduced pest attack due to the positive interaction of cultivated plants.
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