Problems and prospects for hydraulic modeling of wave processes in the distorted scales

Introduction. The method of scales distortion in physical modeling of wave processes is considered. Distortion of scales is applied in practice, but has an insufficient theoretical basis in relation to researching of the waves impact on hydraulic structures. Development of theoretical basis and practical recommendations for the conversion of model data at the construction site in hydraulic modeling with distortion of scale will allow exploring the extended constructions under the circumstances of laboratory with a limited size, and reduce the building costs of hydraulic models. The prospects of development and application of the method of the scales distortion of physical models have been estimated. Materials and methods. The available methods of the scales distortion of hydraulic models are considered. To estimate the errors arising from the scale distortion of the model, a mathematical modeling of the three typical sections at the coastal area of the sea, subjected to different degrees of the scale distortion has been performed. The parameters of waves in the water area were calculated using the regulatory methodology of the Russian Federation, followed by an analysis of changes in the wave situation caused by distortion of scale. Results. The estimation of existing mathematical apparatus, allowing to deviate from strictly geometric similarity of model and the full-scale object, was given. The parameters of waves on twelve mathematical models with different degrees of the scale distortion were obtained, allowing to explore the impact of method on the results obtained in the modeling. Conclusions. Usage of existing provisions on the scales distortion of hydraulic model at exploring of wave processes in the most cases leads to essential errors in results, or to their full discrepancy of reality. Affine transformations can serve as a basis for the development of the scales distortion on hydraulic models technique. Experimental research can play a crucial role in the development of methodology, estimating the errors and degree of permissible scale distortion. At the moment, without a validated procedure, it is recommended to make a preliminary analysis of refraction plans and wave transformation parameters for determining the degree of permissible scale distortion and estimating the errors that arise.