乌克兰小城镇和农村居民点的位置与行政-领土制度的新现实:相互影响的矛盾和前景

IF 0.4 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Myroslav S. Dnistryanskyi, Iryna M. Chaika
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文揭示了乌克兰小城镇(米什奇卡)和农村居民点的地理与中下层行政-领土组织制度的相互影响。根据统计分析,得出的结论是,考虑到历史地理和自然地理先决条件、城市化和工业化水平以及人口状况的差异,乌克兰各地区的非常小的城市、城市型住区(selyshchva miskoho typu)和村庄的位置差别很大。研究证明,在行政改革之前,乌克兰的小城镇在行政领土体系的中间环节的组织中发挥了重要作用,是大多数地区的中心,但改革后,它们在地区划分中的行政重要性变得微不足道。与此同时,几乎一半的小城镇成为联合领土社区的中心。作者的结论是,城镇丧失中型行政单位的地位可以通过将地区当局的大部分职能转移到新的行政区域,并将以前的地区中心的大部分职能转移到低级领土社区的中心来弥补。为此目的,有必要为新的领土社区的小城镇中心创造适当的社会经济条件,以履行为附近住区人口服务的所有职能。会议的结论是,行政权力的这种变化一般可以确保将社会经济生活的重心转移到领土深处,这是克服经济和社会领域发展的区域内不平衡所必需的。农村安置结构在任何时期都以不同的方式影响着农村地方自治的地域组织,这一命题在概念上得到了证实。过去和现在决定农村自治结构的主要社会地理参数是农村人口密度、平均人口密度和农村居民点密度。这项研究证明,这些指标的组合存在不同的区域差异,这也反映在农村领土社区中心的地理位置上。行政改革的一个积极后果是加强了农村社区的财政基础,但与此同时,由于农村委员会中心的地位丧失,乌克兰许多农村住区的行政重要性下降,农村住区与新的行政中心之间的距离增加。随着村-社区中心开始为更大的领土服务,如果它们的基础设施潜力和经济基础得到加强,它们可以成为农村地区社会经济发展的新极。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Location of small towns and rural settlements of Ukraine and new realities of the administrative- territorial system: contradictions and perspectives of mutual influences
The article reveals the mutual influences of the geography of small towns (mistechka) and rural settlements in Ukraine and the system of administrative-territorial organization at the middle and lowest levels. Based on the statistical analysis, it was concluded that the location of very small cities, urban-type settlements (selyshchа miskoho typu) and villages is significantly differentiated by regions of Ukraine, taking into account the historical-geographical and natural-geographical prerequisites, the level of urbanization and industrialization, as well as differences in the demographic situation. The study proved that before the administrative reform, the small towns of Ukraine played an important role in the organization of the middle link of the administrative territorial system, being the centers of most districts, but as a result of the reform, their administrative importance in the district division became minimal. At the same time, almost half of the small towns became centres of united territorial communities. The author concludes that the loss of the status of medium-sized administrative units by towns could be compensated by transferring a significant part of the functions of regional authorities to new administrative districts, and most of the functions of former district centres to the centres of low-level territorial communities. For this purpose, it is necessary to create appropriate socio-economic conditions for the small towns-centres of new territorial communities to perform all the functions of serving the population of nearby settlements. It was concluded that such changes in administrative powers can ensure, in general, a shift in the weight of socio-economic life deep into the territory, which is necessary to overcome intra-regional disproportions in the development of the economy and the social sphere. The proposition that the structure of rural resettlement also influenced the territorial organization of local self-government in rural areas in different ways at all times was conceptually substantiated. The main socio-geographic parameters that used to determine and currently determine the structure of rural self-government are the density of the rural population, the average population, and the density of rural settlements. The study proved the presence of various regional variants of the combination of these indicators, which were also reflected in the geography of the centres in rural territorial communities. A positive consequence of the administrative reform was the strengthening of the financial base of rural communities, but at the same time, the administrative importance of many rural settlements of Ukraine decreased due to the loss of the status of rural council centres, and the distances between rural settlements and new administrative centres increased. As villages-community centres began to serve larger territories, if their infrastructural potential and economic base were strengthened, they could become new poles of socio-economic development in rural areas.
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来源期刊
Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology
Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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