AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA

The global nature of anthropogenic activity leads to profound and in some cases irreversible changes in biogeochemical cycles. The purpose of the work is to monitor the soils of the Republic of Mordovia. Initial parameters of the studied soils were used as a reference standard,in its relation the state of the soil cover was assessed.Mordovskiy State Center of Agrochemical Service has been conducting a system of regular observations on reference plots on the territory of the republic since 1993. They are located in different natural and climatic zones and reflect natural and climatic features of the main soil types. Organic matter accumulates on the soil surface and all upper horizons in the process of soil formation. For different soil types, there is a different ratio of the processes of supply of plant and animal residues and the processes of their transformation, and different intensity of these processes. The weighed mean content of humus was 7.6%, dark gray forest soils - 5.4%, gray forest soils - 3.9% and on alluvial soils - 4.7% on leached and podzolized black soils of the Republic of Mordovia. Soil samples of all soiltypes were taken in early spring before the start of spring field work (continuous survey), the results of their analyzesallow to assess their available nitrogen. Black soils and dark gray forest soils of the Republic of Mordovia are generally characterized by favorable physical and chemical properties: slightly acidic - close to neutral reaction of the medium, a relatively high amount of absorbed bases. Agrochemical properties of gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils worsen compared to those mentioned above. The content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the studied soils varies from low to very high, being average in most areas. Their content is determined not only by the soiltype, but also by soilcultivation state and application of mineral fertilizers.