On Stochastic-User-Equilibrium-Based Day-to-Day Dynamics

Researchers have proposed many different concepts and models to study day-to-day dynamics. Some models explicitly model travelers’ perceiving and learning on travel costs, and some other models do not explicitly consider the travel cost perception but instead formulate the dynamics of flows as the functions of flows and measured travel costs (which are determined by flows). This paper investigates the interconnection between these two types of day-to-day models, in particular, those models whose fixed points are a stochastic user equilibrium. Specifically, a widely used day-to-day model that combines exponential-smoothing learning and logit stochastic network loading (called the logit-ESL model in this paper) is proved to be equivalent to a model based purely on flows, which is the logit-based extension of the first-in-first-out dynamic of Jin [Jin W (2007) A dynamical system model of the traffic assignment problem. Transportation Res. Part B Methodological 41(1):32–48]. Via this equivalent form, the logit-ESL model is proved to be globally stable under nonseparable and monotone travel cost functions. Moreover, the model of Cantarella and Cascetta is shown to be equivalent to a second-order dynamic incorporating purely flows and is proved to be globally stable under separable link cost functions [Cantarella GE, Cascetta E (1995) Dynamic processes and equilibrium in transportation networks: Towards a unifying theory. Transportation Sci. 29(4):305–329]. Further, other discrete choice models, such as C-logit, path-size logit, and weibit, are introduced into the logit-ESL model, leading to several new day-to-day models, which are also proved to be globally stable under different conditions.