Effects of Fungicides on Four Native Generalist Phytoseiid Species（Acari: Phytoseiidae）

Appl. Zool. – （ ） Abstract: The toxicity of 29 fungicides was tested against 4 native phytoseiid species, namely, Amblyseius eharai Amitai and Swirski, Amblyseius tsugawai Ehara, Euseius sojaensis （ Ehara ） , and Typhlodromus vulgaris Ehara （ Acari: Phytoseiidae ） , which are abundantly found in fruit tree orchards in Japan. Mancozeb and propineb were toxic to the immature individuals of all 4 species and to the fecundity of adult females of E. sojaensis and A. eharai . Thiuram was harmless or slightly toxic to A. eharai , A. tsugawai , and T. vulgaris , whereas it was toxic to E. sojaensis . Sulphur and polyoxin were toxic to the immature individuals of all four species. Benomyl and thiophanate-methyl reduced the fecundity of A. eharai , A. tsugawai , and E. sojaensis . Fluazinam was toxic to immature individuals and the fecundity of adult females of E. sojaensis and moderately toxic to A. eharai and A. tsugawai . Iminoctadine triacetate was toxic to immature individuals of E. sojaensis . Fluoroimide was also moderately toxic to immature individuals of E. sojaensis . On the other hand, basic copper sulfate, oxine-copper, captan, chlorothalonil, iminoctadine tris （ albesilate ） , dithianon, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, tebuconazole, fluopyram, inpyrfluxam, isopyrazam, penthiopyrad, pyraziflumid, cyprodinil, kresoxim-methyl, pyribencarb, and trifloxystrobin were harmless to all 4 species.