A UPS study of liquid and solid bismuth using synchrotron radiation

The photoelectron spectra of Bi in both liquid and solid phases were measured at excitation energies between 18 and 60 eV using synchrotron radiation. It was found that the profiles of the energy distribution curves are quite similar to those obtained in the XPS region and there is little difference in the spectral profile between liquid and solid phases. On melting the density of states at the Fermi level increases more than twice as much as in the solid phase. In both liquid and solid phases, the photoelectron spectra change their profiles associated with the 5d core electron excitation, which is attributed to the O4.5VV Auger electrons.