法属圭亚那圭亚那海豚(Sotalia guianensis) (Van bsamuassen, 1864)的研究和保护

Amandine Bordin, Margot Vanhoucke, Kévin Pineau, Laurent Kelle, Nolwenn Cozannet, Monique Pool, Jaime Bolaños‐Jiménez, B. de Thoisy
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引用次数: 1

摘要

圭亚那海豚(Sotalia guianensis)生活在大西洋和加勒比海温暖的浅水区,从巴西南部到洪都拉斯,包括河口和淡水栖息地,如马拉开波湖(委内瑞拉)和奥里诺科河。2018年,圭亚那海豚在世界自然保护联盟全球红色名录上从数据不足重新分类为近危海豚。然而,国家和地区红色名录确定的保护状况更加令人震惊。例如,在法属圭亚那,由于附带捕获等强大压力,该物种被列为濒危物种。在这个地区,圭亚那海豚栖息在河口和沿海水域,那里发生了大多数人为活动。法属圭亚那需要更好地了解生物学和生态学,以便为有效的保护行动提供信息。在这里,我们提出了正在进行的研究,以绘制圭亚那海豚沿着法属圭亚那海岸的分布,并估计热点地区的丰度。在2013年、2014年、2015年和2019年的旱季进行了空中调查活动。进行了8次飞行,观察了39组146只海豚。2017年和2018年,还在卡宴沿海水域进行了基于船的样线调查。共进行了21次调查,行程999.06公里。共观察了63个群体的382只海豚。卡宴地区的总丰度估计为128头海豚(% CV = 30.92;CI(95%) = 70-235),密度为0.80个体/km²(% CV = 30.92;Ci(95%) = 0.44-1.47)。此外,对2014年至2020年期间在法属圭亚那收集的搁浅数据进行了描述性分析,以确定搁浅事件的主要死亡原因和季节性。总共发现了43只海豚,特别是在雷姆米尔-蒙乔利、卡宴和库鲁的海滩上:误捕是主要的可确定的死亡原因。我们建议在短期和中期采取地方保护战略和行动,以解决不同的问题:知识、威胁、保护和合作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Study and conservation of the Guiana Dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) (Van Bénéden, 1864) in French Guiana
The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) occurs in warm and shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, from southern Brazil to Honduras, including estuarine and freshwater habitats such as Maracaibo Lake (Venezuela), and the Orinoco River. In 2018, the Guiana dolphin was reclassified from Data Deficient to Near Threatened on the global IUCN Red List. Nevertheless, the conservation status identified by national and regional Red Lists is even more alarming. In French Guiana, for example, the species is classified as Endangered based on strong pressures such as bycatch. In this region, the Guiana dolphin inhabits river mouths and coastal waters where most anthropogenic activities occur. Better knowledge of the biology and ecology is needed in French Guiana to help inform effective conservation actions. Here, we present ongoing studies to map the distribution of Guiana dolphins along the French Guiana coast and estimate abundance in a hotspot area. Aerial survey campaigns were conducted during the dry season in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2019. Eight flights were conducted and 146 dolphins belonging to 39 groups were observed. Boat-based line-transect surveys were also conducted in the coastal waters of Cayenne in 2017 and 2018. Twenty-one survey trips were conducted covering 999.06 km. Three hundred and eighty-two dolphins belonging to 63 groups were observed. The total abundance in the Cayenne area was estimated at 128 dolphins (% CV = 30.92; CI (95%) = 70-235) with a density of 0.80 ind./km² (% CV = 30.92; CI (95%) = 0.44-1.47). Additionally, a descriptive analysis was performed on stranding data collected in French Guiana between 2014 and 2020 to identify the major cause of death and seasonality in the stranding events. In total, 43 dolphins were found, especially on the beaches of Rémire-Montjoly, Cayenne, and Kourou: bycatch was the major identifiable cause of death. We recommend a local conservation strategy and actions to be undertaken in the short- and medium-term to address different issues: knowledge, threats, conservation, and cooperation.
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