综述:结核分枝杆菌引起皮肤感染的治疗

N. Wyrzykowska, Michał Wyrzykowski, R. Żaba, W. Silny
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引用次数: 2

摘要

结核病仍然是一个非常普遍的全球问题,每天造成4 500多人死亡。据估计,结核感染的风险在发展中国家从1%到2%不等。在过去几年中,观察到结核病发病率增加,这在社会经济地位高的国家可能与艾滋病毒感染流行和人口移徙有关。最常见的结核分枝杆菌感染形式是呼吸系统结核,在波兰占91.6%的病例。肺外结核,包括皮肤结核,很少观察到,其发病率约为8.4%。根据免疫反应性或PPD试验和杆菌的存在,可以区分三种形式的皮肤结核:无能性、反应性和超能性。世界卫生组织推荐异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺和链霉素作为一线抗结核药物。本文对所选药物及其作用机制和潜在不良反应的现有知识进行了综述。此外,还提出了新发结核病患者的治疗方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Review papers Treatment of cutaneous infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is still a very common global problem and it is responsible for more than 4,500 deaths every day. The risk of tubercular infection has been estimated to vary from 1% to 2% in developing countries. In the last years, an increased incidence of tuberculosis has been observed, which in countries with a high socio-economic status may be related to the HIV infection prevalence and population migration. The most frequent form of Mycobacteri um tuberculosis infection is tuberculosis of the respiratory system which in Poland accounts for 91.6% of cases. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, which includes cutaneous tuberculosis, is rarely observed and its incidence is about 8.4%. With regard to the immunoreactivity or the PPD test and the presence of bacilli, three forms of cutaneous tuberculosis can be distinguished: anergic, reactive and hyperergic. The World Health Organization recommends isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and streptomycin as the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. This paper is a review of the available present knowledge concerning selected medications, their mechanisms of action and potential adverse effects. Moreover, therapeutic schemes for new tuberculosis patients are also presented.
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