RF-EMR pollution levels near kindergartens due to mobile communication towers and Wi-Fi sources

Wireless communications play a crucial role in human lives. The introduction of cellular network systems, broadband internet services and public Wi-Fi services increase the connectivity between people exponentially. These wireless networks require antenna structures to propagate carrier waves through space and these waves are located within the Radiofrequency (RF) region in the electromagnetic spectrum. The effects of these RF waves on people, especially children, and pregnant women cannot be neglected. According to the researchers, there are some adverse health issues related to thermal and non-thermal effects due to exposure to these non-ionizing radiations. In this study, RF exposure levels within the proximity of 21 selected kindergartens in the Colombo and Kandy districts were evaluated by using a high-frequency spectrum analyzer. Results of the study show a nearly 251% increase in the RF exposure levels in the kindergartens located in Colombo district relative to the kindergartens in Kandy district. As well as GSM900, GSM1800 and UMTS cellular communication bands show a higher contribution to background RF exposure than the other wireless networks. However, measured maximum electric fields and calculated specific absorption rate (SAR) values are well below the maximum permissible levels published by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).