乌克兰北部草原非休耕前代对冬黑麦产量的影响

Yu. V. Bezsusidnia
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摘要

本文介绍了乌克兰北部草原非休耕前耕对冬黑麦植株生长发育和生产力形成影响的研究结果。结果表明,施托尔冬麦品种在春大麦之后的9月20 ~ 25日播种,籽粒产量较高(6.55 t/ hm2)。向日葵后播冬黑麦显著降低植株形态生理指标,导致籽粒产量下降。多塑型帕米尔卡品种产量未超过4.63 t/ha。研究表明,冬麦播期春大麦后土壤水分储量最高,达23.5 mm / m。此外,确定了冬季黑麦植物秋季生长停滞期的生产性水分土壤储量依赖于前代:春大麦之后0-20 cm可耕地层的农学有价水分为33.6 mm,向日葵之后为- 28.4 mm。通过2年的研究发现,丰产品种Stoir冬初株高平均为23.1 cm,芽数和节根数分别为4.6和9.3 pcs/株。结果表明,前人和天气条件对冬麦产量形成有显著影响。产量结构要素指标表明,春大麦残茬前身优于向日葵,为冬黑麦植株的生长发育提供了较好的条件。收获时,冬黑麦穗长平均为11.2厘米,穗数和粒数分别为22.8和37.2粒。关键词:冬黑麦,品种,前代,水分储备,植株形态生理参数,产量结构,产量
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Influence of non-fallow predecessors on yield of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) in the northern Steppe of Ukraine
The research results of influence of non-fallow predecessors on growth, development and formation of productivity of winter rye plants in the northern Steppe of Ukraine are given. It was found that higher grain yields (6.55 t/ha) were formed due to sowing dates from 20 to 25 September of Stoir winter rye variety after spring barley. Sowing winter rye after sunflower significantly reduced morpho-physiological indicators of plants that resulted to decrease grain yield. The yield of more plastic Pamiat Khudoierka variety had did not exceed 4.63 t/ha. According to research, higher moisture reserves of 23.5 mm in a meter soil layer were after spring barley on the sowing date of winter rye. In addition, it was determined that the productive moisture soil reserves at the arresting growth season of winter rye plants in autumn depend on the predecessor: after spring barley the amount of agronomically valuable moisture in the 0–20 cm arable layer was 33.6 mm, after sunflower – 28.4 mm. Over the two years of research, it was found that the plant height of the high-yield Stoir variety at the beginning of the winter averaged 23.1 cm, and the number of shoots and nodal roots - 4.6 and 9.3 pcs/plant, respectively. It was established that predecessors and weather conditions significantly influence on the winter rye yield formation. Indicators of structural elements of yield show that stubble predecessor of spring barley dominates over sunflower, and provides better conditions for growth and development of winter rye plants. At the time of harvest, the winter rye spike length averaged 11.2 cm, the number of spikes and grains per the spike – 22.8 and 37.2 pcs, respectively. Key words: winter rye, variety, predecessors, moisture reserves, morpho-physiological parameters of plants, yield structure, yield.
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