Effect of Testosterone Undecanoate on Sexual Functions, Glycaemic Parameters, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hpogonadal Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aims: To study the effect of testosterone undecanoate on sexual functions, glycaemic parameters, and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: It was an open label, single-arm interventional study where testosterone undecanoate (TU) was used in 105 T2DM males aged 30-60 years with hypogonadism. The effect of TU on sexual functions was assessed using the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) Scale and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) Questionnaire. The effect on glycaemic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors (lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] and carotid intima media thickness [CIMT]) were assessed over a period of 54 weeks of TU therapy.

Results: Prevalence of hypogonadism in T2DM patients was 19.1%, of which 74.1% had functional hypogonadism. AMS and IIEF-5 scores showed negative and positive correlation, respectively, with baseline serum testosterone levels. The AMS score showed a significant reduction of 5.8% and IIEF-5 score improved by 31.5% at 54 weeks of TU therapy. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipids such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) were significantly reduced by 0.6%, 10.9%, 6.28%, 9.04%, and 6.77%, respectively, at 54 weeks. CIMT was significantly reduced by 2.57% at 54 weeks, whereas no significant change observed with hsCRP.

Conclusions: TU is an effective treatment modality for hypogonadal men with T2DM, and it has beneficial effects on sexual functions, glycaemic parameters, and CV risk factors.