水运工人职业性皮肤病发病率的医学-社会和流行病学方面(文献综述)

К.О. Talalayev, М.М. Lebedyuk, R. Vastyanov, М.І. Golubyatnikov
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摘要

目标——对水手履行职业职责与皮肤病之间的结构、决定因素和因果关系进行全面的医学-社会和流行病学方向的回顾性研究;落实关于进一步措施的建议,将乌克兰水运工人的健康保护水平提高到国际标准。材料和方法。研究方法采用文献语义学、统计观察法、分析法和结构分析法。这些方法使得只处理有效、完整和最新的信息成为可能,从而对研究过程的性质和规律作出正确和彻底的结论。结果和讨论。经过化学处理的化学品、货物或食品的水运量每年都在增加。船上的一些货物特别要在有毒熏蒸剂的帮助下消毒。所有用于保护运输货物的熏蒸剂对工人的健康都有潜在危害,并可能引起职业性皮肤病。关于港口转运和散货船队船上散货运输过程中码头工人和水手的工作条件、生活条件和发病率的卫生-化学、卫生和流行病学参数研究的现有数据表明,危险有害物质污染了工作场所,造成了粘膜和皮肤覆盖物的损害。考虑到水运中的各种决定因素和风险因素、其物理和化学性质的差异以及对人类健康和水生环境的潜在影响,健康保护和应急准备机制是一个复杂的科学和实际问题,需要进一步深入研究。就额外措施提出了有科学依据的建议,这些建议的实施将使乌克兰水运工人的健康保护水平更接近国际标准。在与水运工人皮肤病的治疗和预防有关的科学和实际任务中,优先考虑的是实施现代诊断算法、人员培训、组织远程医疗咨询、更新船舶急救包的完整性,以便根据需要提供及时、高质量的紧急医疗服务。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Medico-­social and epidemiological aspects of occupational dermatoses incidence among water transport workers (literature review)
Objective — to conduct a comprehensive retrospective study of the medico-social and epidemiological direction regarding the structure, determinants and cause-and-effect relationships between the performance of professional duties and skin diseases in sailors; substantiate proposals for additional measures that will improve the level of health protection of water transport workers of Ukraine to international standards. Materials and methods. The research methods applied in the work were as follows: bibliosemantic, statistical observation, analytical and structural analysis. These methods made it possible to process only valid, complete and up-to-date information, to make correct and thorough conclusions about the nature and regularities of the researched process. Results and discussion. The volume of water transportation of chemicals, goods or foods that were treated with chemicals is increasing every year. Some cargoes on board ships are disinfected, in particular, with the help of toxic fumigants. All fumigants that are used to protect transported goods are a potential health hazard for workers and can cause, among other things, occupational dermatoses.Available data on the study of sanitary-chemical, hygienic and epidemiological parameters of working conditions, living conditions and morbidity of dockers and sailors during transshipment in ports and transportation of bulk freight on ships of the bulk fleet indicate contamination of workplaces with dangerous and harmful substances, which caused damage to the mucous membranes and skin coverings. Conclusions. The mechanisms of health preservation and emergency response readiness constitute a complex scientific and practical problem and require further thorough study, considering the variety of determinants and risk factors in water transport, the differences in their physical and chemical properties, as well as the potential impact on human health and the aquatic environment. Scientifically based proposals have been provided regarding additional measures, the implementation of which will bring the level of health protection of water transport workers of Ukraine closer to international standards. Among the scientific and practical tasks related to the treatment and prevention of skin diseases among water transport workers, the priority is given to the implementation of modern diagnostic algorithms, training of personnel, organization of telemedical consultations, updating the completeness of ship’s first-aid kits in order to provide timely, high-quality emergency medical care as needed.
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