公路货物运输政策及其影响:德国和瑞典的比较研究

IF 0.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ECONOMICS
Inge Vierth, Heike Schleussner, Svante Mandell
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引用次数: 7

摘要

我们比较了以瑞典为代表的基于时间的公路货运收费与以德国为代表的基于距离的收费的政策影响。基于2005-2014年官方统计数据的分析表明,德国公路货运政策带来了大幅增加的收入和更清洁的卡车车队和里程。有人认为,德国的政策会对邻国产生溢出效应。可以看出,瑞典运输公司在国际运输中使用比国内运输更清洁的卡车。总的来说,在实行里程收费的国家,这些公司有动力使用最清洁的卡车。作为对瑞典这一后果的估计,使用瑞典网络的卡车的实际组成情况与使用德国收费公路的卡车组成的假设情况之间的环境影响差异进行了估计。据估计,每年的社会经济成本约为1600万欧元。这给瑞典等国家施加了压力,要求它们实施更强有力的政策,以应对溢出效应。基于时间的收费,例如Eurovignette,似乎已经过时了。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Road freight transport policies and their impact: a comparative study of Germany and Sweden
We compare policy implications from time-based charges on road freight transports, represented by the case of Sweden, to those from distance-based charges, represented by the case of Germany. The analyses based on official statistics from 2005-2014 indicate that the German road freight policy has resulted in substantially larger revenues and a cleaner truck fleet and mileage. Some support is found for that the German policy causes spill-overs to the neighbouring countries. It can be shown that the Swedish hauliers use cleaner trucks for international than for national transports. In general, the firms have incentives to use the cleanest trucks in the countries that have introduced distance-based tolls. As an estimate of the consequences of this in Sweden, the difference in environmental impact is estimated between the case with the actual composition of trucks using the Swedish network and the hypothetical case where the composition is the same as on the German toll roads. The socio-economic costs are estimated to be around € 16 million per year. This puts pressure on countries as Sweden to implement stronger policies to counter the spill-over effect. The time based charges, e.g., the Eurovignette, seem to be outdated.
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