Melatonin as a protective adjunct to the renin angiotensin system imbalance induced cardiovascular pathogenesis: A review

The renin-angiotensin system has emerged as a key modulator of cardiomyopathies, with both local and central effects on the cardiac tissue. With the increase in incidences of cardiac disorders worldwide, the roles of the renin-angiotensin system on  the cardiomyopathies have been revealed by scientists. Recent reports suggest that this system might regulate the synthesis of melatonin. This has drawn the interest of scientists globally since melatonin has remarkable protective effects on cardiomyopathies caused by atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, and myocardial infarction. Thus, understanding the interactions of melatonin with various components of the renin-angiotensin system becomes a  necessary step for devising a targeted therapy for the various cardiomyopathies. This review has summarized the major effects of various components of the renin-angiotensin system on the cardiac tissue and the interaction of this system with melatonin. The role of melatonin in mediating cardioprotective effects by inhibition of certain components of this system has also been discussed.