New approaches in the pharmacotherapy of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia is one of the most significant modifiable risk factors for the CVD development and potentiation. The main drugs in the treatment of dyslipidemia in modern clinical practice are statins, although there are other effective hypolipidemic drugs that are gaining popularity, such as ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type inhibitors - PCSK9 inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotide (pelacarsen), small interfering RNA - siRNA (inclisiran), and some others. In real clinical practice, the most effective approach to achieve LDL-C targets is adding ezetimibe to a statin (simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, etc.), rather than titrating the statin dose to the maximum possible. The addition of siRNA to statin therapy resulted in a stable, significant reduction in LDL levels by an average of 50% in all groups compared with statin monotherapy.