摩洛哥梅克内斯市道路交通空气污染暴露与呼吸系统疾病发病率

Ibrahim El Ghazi, I. Berni, A. Menouni, M. Amane, M. Kestemont, S. El Jaafari
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引用次数: 7

摘要

为了监测二氧化氮(NO2)含量的时空变化,在14个道路附近和居民区部署了被动扩散采样器,为期14天。在冬季测量二氧化氮示踪剂的同时,在该市的主要道路上进行了道路交通统计。测量活动的结果与Arcgis 9.3下的计数过程相结合,可以确定受汽车污染影响最严重的地区,并对预期的污染物进行高空间分辨率的测绘。研究结果表明,大气NO2浓度在城市中心达到最大值,向城市外围逐渐降低。研究期间(2010-2014年)梅克内斯市与空气污染相关的主要疾病的流行病学情况分析表明,在5岁及以上的受试者中,急性呼吸道疾病在女性中的发病率高于男性。受影响最大的年龄组是15至49岁,而哮喘发作主要发生在50岁及以上的妇女中。急性呼吸道疾病和哮喘发作在冬季和秋季很普遍。在5岁以下儿童中,受肺炎影响最大的年龄组是11个月以下的儿童。我们的综合方法结合了基于gis的这些疾病的空间化健康指标、固定和移动空气污染源的位置以及测量的二氧化氮水平。这种结合使得人们可以发现,道路交通繁忙地区的居民可能比工业活动附近地区的居民受到的影响更大。生境类型也对所研究的疾病的发展和恶化起着重要作用,特别是在老麦地那地区。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exposure to Air Pollution from Road Traffic and Incidence of Respiratory Diseases in the City of Meknes, Morocco
For monitoring spatio-temporal variations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) content, passive diffusive samplers have been deployed in 14 near-road and residential sites for 14 days. In parallel with the winter campaign to measure the NO2 tracer, road traffic counting sessions were carried out on the city’s main roads. The coupling of the results of the measurement campaigns and the counting sessions under Arcgis 9.3 made it possible to determine the areas most affected by automobile pollution and to carry out a high spatial resolution mapping of the pollutant prospected. The results of this study show that atmospheric NO2 concentrations reach maximum values in the city center and decrease towards its periphery. The analysis of the epidemiological situation of the principal diseases related to air pollution in the city of Meknes during the study period (2010–2014) showed that among subjects aged five years and older, acute respiratory diseases occurred more in women than men. The most affected age group was between 15 and 49 years, while asthma attacks were noted mainly among women aged 50 years and older. Acute respiratory illness and asthma attacks were prevalent in the winter and fall. Among children under five years of age, the age group most affected by pneumonia was those under 11 months. Our integrative approach combined spatialized GIS-based health indicators of these diseases, the location of stationary and mobile sources of air pollution, and measured NO2 levels. This combination has made it possible to detect that residents in areas with heavy road traffic are likely to be more affected than those in areas near industrial activity. The habitat type also contributes significantly to the development and exacerbation of the pathologies studied, especially in the districts of the old Medina.
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