Post-fire tree regeneration from seed of the endangered Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa in the Maule region of central Chile

The endemic ruil (Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa) forest is one of the most endangered forest ecosystems in central Chile, where its regeneration is challenged by factors such as low seedling germination capacity and recently by fire. In this study, we sampled 36 plots (625 m2 each) within the very restricted distribution range of N. alessandrii and quantified regeneration of the species from seed after a catastrophic large-scale fire event in 2017. By means of logistic regression, Path analysis, and non-metric multidimensional scaling, we related ruil seedling regeneration with percentage vegetative cover, number of ruil individuals, richness of native species, density of seedlings of the introduced species Pinus radiata D. Don, and fire severity. Our results indicate that fire severity was the most important variable explaining the probability of regeneration of N. alessandrii. Seedling recruitment was present in 65% of the sites with low fire severity, but no recruitment was observed in sites severely burned by fire. The ecological implications of these findings suggest that after a high-severity fire, efforts to restore N. alessandrii should be concentrated on reforestation activities; however, in areas of low-severity burn, efforts must be focused on the management and protection of the new recruits.