The impact of on-street and off-street parking regulations on parking type choice

ABSTRACT In practice, parking regimes for different parking types (on-street, off-street and garage) are introduced independently, leading frequently to inefficient utilization. The aim of the paper is to show that in areas with different public parking types, integrated parking management is needed so as to utilize available capacities evenly. To demonstrate this, we determined the factors impacting parking type choice, and then the importance and intensity of parking measures thereon. Empirical data collected by interviewing on-street and off-street parking users were used to develop a binary logit model showing the most important parking type choice parameters: on-street time limitation, and on-street and off-street parking prices. Reduced time limitation was found to decrease on-street parking probability while increasing off-street parking probability. Also, price increase for one parking type reduced the probability of choosing that particular type and increased opting for alternative type. Moreover, a synergy effect of integrated parking management was demonstrated.