Implementing unique identification technology: The journey and success story of Aadhaar in India

The Aadhaar number has become a basic identification system for all Indian residents and is used for all purposes from air ticket booking, to ration cards and opening bank accounts. The purpose of Aadhaar in India started with a basic need to provide access to public services and Government benefits. But currently, Aadhaar is considered as a high potential, technology-enabled unique identification system that upholds the financial inclusion agenda for the Government of India. Further, its usage is growing day by day like making UPI transactions with only the Aadhaar number and linking many financial systems with Aadhaar. Implementing Aadhaar in a massive country like India is not an easy task but the Unique Identification Authority of India achieved it effectively with strong backing from the Government. This case discusses the origin, features, penetration and growth of Aadhaar and its role in financial inclusion. It also examines similar identification systems in other countries. The case deliberates the challenges faced in the implementation of Aadhaar in India.