Development of the design of fermenters with energy introduced by aerating gas, having contacting devices

This paper deals with fermenters with energy introduced by gas phase (FG), having contacting devices, of laboratory, pilot and industrial scale. It is an attempt to state the possible use of such apparata in view of the rheological properties of the culture and intensity of mass transfer. There has been proved the necessity to introduce additional energy to speed up the circulation, determined by requirements of rational construction and definite demands set forth by the very process of microorganism cultivation (prevention of oxygen limitation, flotation, foam regulation etc.).