Clinical Research in Pneumonia: Role of Artificial Intelligence

Clinical research in pneumonia involves the creation and dissemination of new knowledge studying patients with pneumonia. The process of clinical research can be summarized in four steps: planning the study, performing of the study, analyzing the data, and disseminating study results. During the third step of data analysis, data are often examined to define if associations exist between independent variables (e.g. predictor variable or other variables in the model) and the dependent variable (e.g. outcome). This examination of the data is performed using two types of methods: 1) clinical analysis and 2) statistical analysis. During clinical analysis, the data are evaluated to define biological plausibility and clinical importance. During statistical analysis, the data are commonly evaluated to define statistical significance for the purposes of hypothesis testing, an approach termed ‘frequentist statistics’ [1].