横向竞争与合作的双渠道农业供应链优化策略

Hongjun Peng, Wenting Sun, Tao Pang
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摘要

本文考虑一个由两个农户和一个分销商组成的双渠道农业供应链,其中农户生产的农产品质量水平不同。农民把优质产品卖给超市,把普通产品卖给小型零售市场。研究了三种场景:通过分销商向超市进行分散销售(DD模式);通过经销商向超市集中销售(CD模式);直接向超市集中销售(CS模式)。在CS模式下,农民需要承担一些额外的销售成本,如库存和运输成本。推导出农民生产努力和质量投资的最优策略。结果表明,随着农业规模的扩大,农民的生产努力减少,而质量投入增加。两种农户的质量投资在CS模式下最高,在DD模式下最低。进一步分析表明,在CS模式下,农民的总利润一般最高,但在CD模式下,当农民在CS模式下的额外销售成本超过一定水平时,农民获得的利润最高。因此,为了同时提高农民的福利和农产品的质量,CS模式在大多数情况下可能是最好的选择,并导致农民和消费者的“双赢”局面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Optimal Strategies for A Dual-Channel Farming Supply Chain with Horizontal Competition and Cooperation
In this paper, we consider a dual-channel farming supply chain with two farmers and one distributor, where agriculture products produced by farmers have different quality levels. Farmers sell high-quality products to supermarkets and normal-quality products to small retail markets, respectively. Three scenarios are investigated: decentralized selling through the distributor to supermarkets (the DD mode); centralized selling through the distributor to supermarkets (the CD mode); centralized selling directly to supermarkets (the CS mode). Under the CS mode, farmers need to bear some extra sale cost such as inventory and transportation cost. We derive farmers’ optimal strategies of production effort and quality investment. It turns out that as farming scale expands, farmers’ production effort decreases, while quality investment increases. Moreover, two farmers’ quality investments are the highest under the CS mode and the least under the DD mode. Further analysis indicates that farmers’ total profits are generally the highest under the CS mode, but farmers obtain the highest profits under the CD mode if farmers’ extra sale cost under the CS mode exceeds a certain level. Therefore, to improve farmers’ welfare and agriculture products’ quality simultaneously, the CS mode may be the best choice in most cases, and it leads to a “win–win” situation for farmers and consumers.
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