Immunotherapy Combined with Microwave Ablation and Radiotherapy Reversed the Biological Behavior of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

P enile cancer (PeCa) is a rare disease representing 0.4– 0.6% of all male malignant cancers, and more than 95% of patients were histologically classified as penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC). [1] PSCC primarily presents as a painless ulcer or lump on the glans penis, recognized by invasive growth and early lymphatic metastasis. [2,3] As for Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a rare malignancy of urinary system. Patients with advanced and metastasized pSCC are associated with poor prognosis due to the limited treatments options of pSCC. In our case report, we describe a patient diagnosed with early stage (stage IIA) and well differentiated pSCC. However, the well differentiated penile squamous cell carcinoma had showed an unexpected aggressiveness. The patient had two times rapid relapse with local advanced and metastasis after two radical operation. As received multimodal treatments including chemotherapy, immunotherapy and local ablation therapy and radiotherapy, the patient had got progression free survival (PFS) exceeding 26 months and overall survival (OS) exceeding 44 months. Immunotherapy combined with ablation therapy and radiotherapy may reverse the biological behavior of penile squamous cell carcinoma.