俄罗斯地区的机会不平等:客观估计和人口感知

IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES
T. Maleva, M. Kartseva, P. Kuznetsova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

机会不平等导致的收入不平等可能导致经济增长放缓和社会不稳定。本文分析了俄罗斯三个地区,即莫斯科、斯塔夫罗波尔边疆区和车里雅宾斯克州的机会不平等。对于每个地区,机会不平等对收入不平等的贡献(客观估计),以及人口对机会不平等的看法(主观估计)进行了检查。比较了俄罗斯在区域和国家两级对机会不平等的现有估计。此外,还审议了该区域人口对机会不平等的主观看法与其客观估计之间的对应关系。该研究以俄罗斯总统国民经济和公共行政学院2019年进行的社会学调查数据为基础。采用了确保所获得的估计与俄罗斯和外国科学家工作中提出的结果具有可比性的方法。区域一级的机会不平等对劳动收入的贡献率为9%至12%,对人均收入的贡献率为7%至13%;这些数值远低于早先研究报告的国家估计数。这种情况可以用俄罗斯显著的地区间不平等来解释。根据人们对各种成功因素的感知构建的主观机会不平等综合指数显示,上述地区有14 - 20%的人口认为机会不平等问题重要或非常重要,有6 - 11%的人口认为机会不平等问题非常重要。所进行的回归分析表明,教育水平和幸福感越高,对机会不平等的感知就越不强烈。没有发现显著的地区差异,因为对不平等的看法主要取决于受访者的个人特征,而不是他们的居住地。对区域机会不平等的客观估计与其感知之间的巨大差异与国际研究的结果是一致的。例如,斯塔夫罗波尔边疆区对机会不平等的认识高于其他区域,而其客观估计却相反较低。为了全面了解俄罗斯各地区的机会不平等情况,有必要进行一项在区域一级具有代表性的调查。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Inequality of Opportunity in Russian Regions: Objective Estimates and Population Perception
Income inequality driven by inequality of opportunity can lead to slower economic growth and social instability. The present paper analyses inequality of opportunity in three Russian regions, namely, Moscow, Stavropol krai and Chelyabinsk oblast. For each region, the contribution of unequal opportunities to income inequality (objective estimates), as well as the population perception of inequality of opportunity (subjective estimates) were examined. The existing estimates of inequality of opportunities in Russia at the regional and national levels were compared. Additionally, the correspondence between the subjective perception of inequality of opportunities by the population of the region and its objective estimates was considered. The research is based on the data of а sociological survey conducted by the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration in 2019. Methods ensuring the comparability of the obtained estimates with the results presented in the works of Russian and foreign scientists were utilised. The contribution of inequality of opportunity at the regional level ranges from 9 to 12 % for labour income and from 7 to 13 % for average per capita income; these values are considerably lower than the national estimates reported in earlier studies. This situation can be explained, among other things, by significant interregional inequality in Russia. The composite index of subjective inequality of opportunities, constructed in accordance with people’s perception of various success factors, shows that 14–20 % of the population in the above regions consider the problem of inequality of opportunity as important or very important, and 6–11 % as very important. The conducted regression analysis shows that higher levels of education and well-being correspond to less acute perception of inequality of opportunity. No significant regional differences were found, since the perception of inequality mostly depends on individual characteristics of the respondents rather than on their place of residence. The considerable difference between the objective estimates of regional inequality of opportunity and its perception is consistent with the results of international studies. For example, the perception of inequality of opportunity in Stavropol krai is higher than in other regions, while its objective estimate, on the contrary, is lower. To form a complete picture of inequality of opportunity in Russian regions, it is necessary to conduct a survey designed to be representative at the regional level.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
20.00%
发文量
23
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