Challenging assumptions: investigating measurement sensitivity in substantive representation and its effects on policy satisfaction

In recent decades, a growing body of scholarship has shed light on the persistent inequalities in political representation, revealing that citizens are far from equal in their access to, and experience of, representation. While ample research has focused on the issue of under-representation, scarce attention has been given to the implications of descriptive and substantive under-representation on the perception of being substantively represented, as reflected in citizens’ satisfaction with implemented policies. This study aims to make a significant contribution to the existing literature by investigating the substantive representation of descriptively under-represented citizens in the context of Belgium. Specifically, this research examines the intricate dynamics of substantive (under-)representation with political institutions (government, parliament and political parties) and citizens’ perceptions of being represented in terms of satisfaction with government policies. The findings reveal intriguing variations in different measures of substantive representation, highlighting the need for critical review and further investigation in future studies.