Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome by enriched food in pig fat in the Wistar rats

Metabolic syndrome (SM) is also known as Syndrome X,1 is a morbid condition, characterized by an aggregate of cardiovascular risk factors and type 2 diabetes such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and hypertriglyceridemia.2 A person has metabolic syndrome (MS) when he/she has a combination of 3 or more specific health risks. It’s becoming an emerging global public health problem, global prevalence can be estimated at about a quarter of the world’s population. In other words, more than one billion people worldwide are affected by the metabolic syndrome.3 This epidemic affects about 35% and 50% of the adult population respectively to United States and Northern Europe.4 The prevalence of MS varies by 4.4 % in Côte d’Ivoire.5 The deleterious effects of MS draw research efforts in developing new interventions to reduce its burden on the healthcare system. Due to its multifactorial nature, selecting an adequate experimental model that best represents the path physiology of MS in humans can be rather challenging. Rats and mice are the most common animal models used in investigating MS. Some of the various approaches used to induce MS in rodents include dietary manipulation, genetic modification and drugs.6 Although heredity is one of the causes of this syndrome, the vast majority of cases is rather related to a sedentary lifestyle and a poor diet including the consumption of high carbohydrate and fat food that would cause lipid abnormalities which are atherogenic.7