The Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Benign Ovarian Cyst and Histological Pattern in a Tertiary Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Benign ovarian tumours are a very common clinically encountered condition and rarely become malignant. The outcome is generally good, varying from asymptomatic big cysts to symptomatic ones with different sizes. Objective: To know the demography of patients, the types of cyst, presentation and management options. Thereafter, comparison of data with other national and international studies was done. Results: This retrospective cohort study was carried out in Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh in Saudi Arabia between January 1st, 2015 to January 31st, 2018. There were 67 cases of histologically diagnosed benign ovarian neoplasms in that period. The age range of 20-49 made up 72.1% of cases and a mean of 37 years, with a BMI of 20-36.9 Kg/m². 67.2% of cases were electively admitted and 88% of cases had ovarian cyst more than 5cm in size. The affected side was almost similar being 35.8% on right side and 32.8% on the left, 28.3% were bilateral and 2.99% were paraovarian cysts. 31.3% of patients were single and 10.4% multiparous. A parity of up to 6 constituted 41.8% of cases, 58.2% were managed by laparotomy and 41.8% had laparoscopic approach. 56.7% of cases were of epithelial origin, 17.9% functional cyst and 16.4% were Germ cell tumours. Sex cord variety were seen in 5.96% of cases and a combination of epithelial and stromal components made up 2.98% of cases. During the 2-D ultrasound studies done for all patients, 10.4% did not have concomitant Doppler studies done. Of those that had doppler, 8.9% were abnormal. Blood group O positive was seen in 52.2% of cases and 23.9% were ‘A’ rhesus positive and 11.94% were ‘B’ rhesus positive. 4.48% of cases were pregnant at the time of diagnosis. 13.4% had recurrence of cyst, abdominal pain was the main presentation in 59.7% of cases, palpable mass in 4.48%, 22.4% had previous Cesarean Section. Conclusion: To determine the incidence of histologically diagnosed types of benign ovarian neoplasm in a Tertiary hospital in Central part of Saudi Arabia and compare it with other regional areas, in same country, neighboring countries and international figures.Suggestions on certain aspects that were made includes improvements, and that could possibly be a future recommendation, on diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian neoplasm, such as different combinations of tumour markers (CA125 + HE4), surgical management, recurrence rate and blood groups.