乌克兰工业区空气污染对公众健康的风险评估

O. Rybalova, Hanna Korobkova, Anatoliy Hudzevich, S. Artemiev, O. Bondar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的主要目的是通过使用评估当前空气污染水平下公众健康风险的方法来提高环境保护领域管理决策的效率。本文提出了一种确定国家、地区和地方各级空气污染危害水平的分层方法。与化学危险设施事故有关的紧急情况会导致危险化学品突然释放到环境中,从而严重影响大气状况。在确定大气状态下恶化的环境风险时,考虑了化学危害指标。在乌克兰东部的领土上,有潜在危险的企业数量最多。针对现有的人为负荷趋势和可能发生的技术突发事件,提出了一种确定空气污染危害等级的新方法。对马里乌波尔市空气污染造成的公众健康风险的评估显示,危险程度极高。根据新方法确定的风险作为宏观生态指标表明,乌克兰工业发达地区的空气污染危害程度很高。指出了世界上许多国家广泛采用的美国环境保护署(EPA US)的系统方法的缺点。对评估公共健康风险的方法学方法的分析表明,在确定工业企业的环境危害程度时,有希望使用这种方法学来评估潜在风险。在乌克兰具有高度生态和化学危害的地区,采用两种不同的方法对目前空气质量状况下的公共健康风险进行了评估。建议改进评估空气污染对公众健康风险的方法,这是一项科学创新。目前,当乌克兰受到敌对行动和经济危机的影响时,为环境保护提供优先资金的问题非常重要。实施拟议的方法方法将能够科学地确定对公众健康危害程度增加的区域,并尽量减少用于改善空气质量的财政资源,这具有实际的实际意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Risk assessment for public health from air pollution in the industrial regions of Ukraine
The main purpose of the research is to improve the efficiency of management decisions in the field of environmental protection through using the methods for assessing the public health risk at the current level of air pollution. Methodology. The article presents a hierarchical methodological approach for determination of the level of air pollution hazard at the state, regional and local levels. The state of atmospheric air is greatly affected by emergencies associated with accidents at chemically hazardous facilities, which result in burst releases of hazardous chemicals into the environment. When determining the environmental risk of deterioration in the state of atmospheric air, the chemical hazard indicator was taken into account. Results. On the territory of the East of Ukraine there is the largest number of potentially dangerous enterprises. A new methodology of determination of the hazard level of air pollution is presented at the existing trends of anthropogenic load and the possible occurrence of technogenic emergencies. Assessment of public health risk due to air pollution in the Mariupol city showed an extremely high level of danger. The determination of the risk as a macroecological indicator according to the new method shows a high level of hazard of air pollution in the industrial developed regions of Ukraine. The shortcomings of the methodical approach of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA US), widely used in many countries of the world, are shown. An analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the public health risk has shown the promise of using the methodology for assessing potential risk in determining the level of environmental hazard of industrial enterprises. The assessment of the public health risk in the current quality state of air is given by two different methods for the regions of Ukraine with a high level of ecological and chemical hazard. The improvement of the methodology for assessing the risk to public health due to air pollution is proposed, which is presented as a scientific novelty. Currently when Ukraine has been affected by hostilities and the economic crisis, the issue of priority funding for environmental protection is very important. The implementation of the proposed methodological approach will make it possible to scientifically determine regions with an increased level of hazard to public health and minimize financial resources for improving the air quality, which has actual practical significance.
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