不同植物群落入侵物种评估与控制方案的发展特点

Y. Vinogradova, A. Spirydovich, V. Reshetnikov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

外来物种入侵研究之所以大规模开展,是因为生物入侵造成的经济和生态破坏是巨大的。然而,到目前为止,还没有统一的方法来描述入侵种群。在俄罗斯外来植物名录的框架下,作者制定了“入侵物种评估议定书”,这是一个评估、分类和列入“黑名单”的工具,根据其对本地物种和自然生物多样性的影响在一个大的地理区域。《议定书》包含五个清单的基本要素:1)物种的分类归属、生命形式和自然范围;2)生态影响;3)目前的分布和人口规模;4)人口数量或人口规模的变化趋势;5)控制外来物种传播的能力。“协议”作为描述本地入侵种群的特殊空白。该描述非常简短,但如有必要,可在其中添加有关每种外来物种入侵过程的额外信息。对一些国家经济对象,如铁路、引进机构、特别自然保护区(SPNA)等,提供了议定书的具体补充。文中列举了在西伯利亚大铁路、齐津主要植物园和一些自然保护区进行入侵物种清查时使用该议定书的实例。
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Features of development of invasive species assessment and control protocols for different groups of plant communities
The study of invasive alien species is carried out on a large scale because the economic and ecological damage caused by biological invasions is enormous. However, no unified approach to describing invasive populations has been developed so far. In the framework of alien plant inventory in Russia, the authors have developed the “Invasive Species Assessment Protocol”, which is a tool for assessing, categorizing and including in the “black”-lists any invasive alien plant species according to its impact on native species and natural biodiversity over a large geographic area. “The Protocol” contains five basic elements of the inventory: 1) taxonomic affiliation, life form, and natural range of species; 2) ecological impact; 3) current distribution and population size; 4) trends in abundance of populations or its size; and 5) ability to control alien species dissemination. “Protocol” is presented as the special blank for description of local invasive population. The description is very brief but, if necessary, additional information about the process of invasion of each alien species can be added to it. Specific additions to the protocol for some national economic objects: railroads, introduction institutions, Specially Protected Natural Areas (SPNA) are offered. Examples of using the Protocol during the inventory of invasive species on the Trans-Siberian Railway, in the NV Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, and in the some Protected Natural Areas are given.
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