对来自Regöly和Bükkábrány(匈牙利)的铁器时代铁质碎片检验的第一个考古方法——喀尔巴阡盆地铁加工的开端?

IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY
B. Török, P. Barkóczy, Géza Szabó
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引用次数: 0

摘要

喀尔巴阡盆地铁加工的产生、传播和发展是一个重要的跨学科研究领域,本文所介绍的考古冶金-考古材料检验结果是该研究的一个重要阶段。Regöly(匈牙利)的挖掘地点代表了喀尔巴阡盆地最早的铁文化的一个特殊来源,利用金相分析的结果,我们的目标是将被检查的物体置于与铁加工过程有关的适当背景中。2011-2012年发掘期间,在Regöly遗址中发现的一块碎片被认为是铁华的一部分;这可能是喀尔巴阡盆地(公元前630-600年)最早的铁制品。从历史和技术的角度来看,这提出了几个问题。我们研究的目的之一是描述这些碎片的特征,以便弄清楚采用了什么样的处理方法,并最终了解“铁华”碎片如何以任何方式与现场发现的其他铁物体联系起来。通过光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)对铁质物体和开花碎片进行了检查。金相分析显示了一个非常特殊的微观结构,表明开花碎片不是直接来自开花炉的直接产物;它可以是二级甚至三级产品(预制)。然而,关于布隆碎片,有证据表明这是一种锻造方法。试验过程中,还对渣夹杂物进行了检测。来自Regöly的结果也与其他来自凯尔特作坊类型遗址(Bükkábrány,公元前320-200年)的发现进行了比较。虽然被检查的铁制品和铁华碎片(作为可能的原材料)之间的直接联系不能被证实,但Regöly的铁制品和碎片可能很容易由一些基本材料制成,如铁华或铁棒的碎片。尽管Regöly的发现并不能确定地提供喀尔巴阡盆地地区炼铁技术的最早证据,但它确实提供了从半成品中锻造某种形式的铁的证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
First Archaeometrical Approach of the Examinations of Iron Age Ferrous Fragments from Regöly and Bükkábrány (Hungary) – The Inception of Iron Working in the Carpathian Basin?
The emergence, spread and development of iron working in the Carpathian Basin is an essential and interdisciplinary research field, an important stage of which being the results of the archaeometallurgical-archaeomaterial examinations presented in this article. The excavation site of Regöly (Hungary) represents a special source from the earliest Iron culture of the Carpathian Basin, and using the results of metallographic analysis our aim is to place the examined objects in their proper context with regard to the process of iron working. One fragment found in the tumulus of Regöly during the excavation 2011–2012 has been presumed part of an iron bloom; this may be the earliest example of iron working in the Carpathian Basin (630–600 BC). From both an historical and technological point of view this raises several questions. One aim of our study is to characterise the fragments in order to figure out what kind of processing has been applied and ultimately see how the ‘iron bloom’ fragment can be connected in any way to the other iron objects found at the site. Examinations were carried out by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) on both the iron objects and the bloom fragment. Metallographic analysis revealed a very specific microstructure, indicating that the bloom fragment is not a direct product that came directly from the bloomery furnace; it could be a secondary or even tertiary product (prefabricated) instead. However, regarding the bloom fragment, there is evidence of a forging method. During the tests, slag inclusions were also examined. The results from Regöly were also compared with other finds from a Celtic workshop-type site (Bükkábrány, 320–200 BC). Although a direct connection between the examined iron objects and the iron bloom fragment (as possible raw material) cannot be confirmed, the iron artefacts and fragments of Regöly might easily have been made from some basic material as represented by the fragment of an iron bloom or bar. Even though the find from Regöly does not definitively provide the earliest evidence for iron smelting technology in the Carpathian Basin area, it does give evidence for some form of iron forging from a semi-finished product.
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来源期刊
Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica
Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica Arts and Humanities-Archeology (arts and humanities)
CiteScore
1.00
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15
审稿时长
24 weeks
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