Opportunities for graphene, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube applications in agriculture: A review

Nanotechnology is an important driver leading to the revolution in the fields of agriculture. Here, we presented insights into the application of carbon nanomaterials (single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene) in biomolecule delivery for crop breeding. We also reviewed the application of graphene to biosensors and the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizers and insecticides in agriculture to better manage environmental stresses. Finally, potential molecular interaction mechanisms between graphene and plant roots were discussed. It can be expected that carbon nanomaterials will hold strong promise in developing a more efficient agricultural production system.