Hepatotreatment Effect of Silybum, Spirulina and Propolis Consumption Compared to Silymarin Drug in Experimental Rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Silybum, Spirulina, and Propolis may have a therapeutic impact when compared to the silymarin medication. .The results revealed that,Negative control showed significant lower in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio,serum HDL-c, total protein, albumin, globulin, catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Cytochrome P450(CYP450) and significant higher in serum liver enzyme (ALT,AST,ALP, γ GT),total bilirubin ,creatinine, urea ,uric acid,cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-c, VLDL-c and cholesterol /HDLc, ,LDLc/HDLc and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to negative control. Administration of Silymarin, Silybum, Spirulina Propolis and mixture of them to liver injured rats for both the treated or preventive group showed a significant decrease in serum liver enzyme (ALT,AST,ALP, γ GT),total bilirubin ,creatinine ,urea ,uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL-c and cholesterol /HDLc, ,LDLc/HDLc and (MDA) and significant increase in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, HDL-c, total protein, albumin,globulin,CAT,SOD,andCYP450 in compared to positive control.Histopathological examination revealed that consumption of Silymarin, Silybum, Spirulina Propolis can lower pathological changes in injured.It can be recommended that consumption of Silymarin, Silybum, Spirulina Propolis and mixed them could manage treat liver injury rat by improve liver and renal function, lipids profiles ,antioxidant enzymes and Cytochrome P450. Keyword: Silymarin, Silybum, Spirulina Propolis Nutritional, liver, CCL4, rat. INTRODUCTION In the experimental study of hepatology, carbon tetrachloride CCl4 is a hepatotoxic chemical due to trichloromethyl, which induces necrosis of hepatocytes, activates inflammation, and promotes the development of hepatic fibrosis (Santoyo et al., 2006). As shown by Jacobs et al., (2002), Silymarin (milk thistle) could prevent the absorption of toxins into hepatocytes and regulate the action on cellular and mitochondrial membrane permeability (Anna et al., 2020). Spirulina, a unicellular filamentous algae belonging to the Oscillatoraceae family, is a cyanobacterium that includes a high amount of proteins as well as vital nutrients such as carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals and is mostly utilised as a food additive (Khan et al., 2005b). It also contains numerous biological actions, including the prevention of anaemia, the reduction of medication genotoxicity, and the prevention of fatty liver disease, in addition to hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect. According to in vitro research, Spirulina has the potential to remove superoxide radicals and hydroxyl while also inhibiting lipid peroxidation (Mazo et al., 2004 Premkumar et al., 2004 and Li et al., 2007). Propolis is a resinous substance of diverse colours and textures that Apis mellifera bees collect from various plant sources. It mostly contains resins, flavonoids, phenolic aldehydes (polyphenols), waxes, fatty acids, essential oils, pollen, organic matter, and other minerals. It also contains vitamins B, C, and E, as well as essential minerals and trace elements (Hegazi et al., 2000). Propolis thus possesses antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activities (Almeida and Menezes, 2002). Silybum marianum (Cardus marianus), commonly known as milk thistle or St. Mary thistle, is one of the oldest and thoroughly researched plants in the treatment of liver diseases (Pradhan and Girish, 2006). The active constituent of milk thistle is silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans comprised of 4 isomers: silibinin, isosilibinin, silichristin, and silidianin. Most supplements are standardized according to their silibinin (often called silybin) content, the main component of the silymarin (Post-White et al., 2007). Silymarin/silybin has being currently used for the treatment of cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and liver diseases associated with alcohol consumption and environmental toxin exposure (Gazak et al., 2004). The purpose of this study Silybum, Spirulina, and Propolis could treat hepatic toxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride better than silymarin medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials 1-Spirulina (biomass of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) dried powder and silybum seeds(Cardus marianus) were obtained at a local herbal store in Cairo, and porpolis powder was purchased from an unique beehive retail market in Beni Suef. The Research Institutes of Ophthalmology in Giza, Egypt, provided 70 male white rats (181±8 g). Rats were placed in plastic mesh cages in an air-conditioned unit with a 12 hour light/dark cycle. Rats were fed a conventional food Abd El-Ghany, M. A. et al. 18 and water ad libitum for a week before to experimentation to acclimate them. The experimental protocols were authorised in accordance with the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Specific Education, Mansoura University, Egypt's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 2-According to NRC(1995), the usual diet consisted of maize starch (497g/kg), casein (200g/kg), sucrose (100g/kg), corn oil (50g/kg), cellulose (30 g/kg), mineral mixture (100g/kg), vitamins mixture (20g/kg), and DLmethionine (3g/kg) acquired from El-Gomhuria Company for Chemicals 3-Carbon Tetrachloride was purchased from El-Gomhuria Company for Chemicals in El-Mansoura, Egypt (3 ml/kg body weight, 50% in olive oil). According to Lee et al., the predicted dose for producing rat liver damage was 0.5ml/bw rat, delivered by back intraperitoneal injection (2005). 4-Silymarin (TMLegalon 140) tablets were acquired from ElGomhuria Company for Chemicals in El-Mansoura City, Egypt, from a pharmacy. Gamma Trade Company for Pharmaceutical and Chemicals, Dokki, Egypt, provided 5-kits.