氟烷麻醉下持续输注氯胺酮在马体内的药代动力学

D. Flaherty, J. Reid, A. Nolan, A. Monteiro
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引用次数: 7

摘要

摘要对5例接受常规阉割的马进行了氯胺酮在氟烷麻醉下的药效学和药代动力学研究。先用托咪定20 μg/kg麻醉,再用氯胺酮2.2 mg/kg bwt麻醉,气管插管,供氧氟烷呼吸。5分钟后,开始以40 μg/kg min等速输注氯胺酮,并调整氟烷汽化器浓度以维持轻度麻醉。平均输注时间为62分钟(范围40-103)。氯胺酮大约比氟烷早15分钟停用。高效液相色谱法测定各组大鼠血浆氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮浓度分别为0.74 ~ 2.04 μg/ml和0.15 ~ 0.75 μg/ml。氯胺酮的谐波平均消除半衰期为46.1 min,平均稳态分布体积(Vdss)为1365 (271)ml/kg,平均体清除率(Cl)为32.3 (9.1)ml/min。注射的平均停留时间(MRTinf)分别为105.9 (20.4)min。氟烷终止后,平均到胸骨平卧和站立时间分别为21.1(6.9)和41.6 (17.0)min。手术条件被认为是非常令人满意的,大多数动物的生理参数保存得很好。
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The pharmacokinetics of ketamine after a continuous infusion under halothane anaesthesia in horses
SUMMARY The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ketamine, when administered by infusion as an adjunct to halothane anaesthesia in horses, were investigated in 5 equine patients presented for routine castration. Anaesthesia was induced with detomidine, 20 μg/kg, followed by ketamine, 2.2 mg/kg bwt, the trachea intubated and the horses allowed to breathe halothane in oxygen. Five minutes later, a constant rate infusion of ketamine, 40 μg/kg min, was commenced and the halothane vaporiser concentration adjusted to maintain a light plane of anaesthesia. The mean infusion duration was 62 min (range 40–103). The ketamine was switched off approximately 15 min before the halothane. Plasma ketamine and norketamine levels, determined by high performance liquid chromatography, ranged from 0.74–2.04 μg/ml and 0.15–0.75 μg/ml, respectively, during the infusion period. The harmonic mean elimination half-life of ketamine was 46.1 min, mean volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 1365 (271) ml/kg, mean body clearance (Cl) was 32.3 (9.1) ml/min.kg, and average mean residence time for the infusion (MRTinf) was 105.9 (20.4) min, respectively. Following termination of halothane, mean times to sternal recumbency and standing were 21.1 (6.9) and 41.6 (17.0) min, respectively. Surgical conditions were considered highly satisfactory, and physiological parameters were well preserved in most animals.
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