玉米和大豆条播生产的农业经济论证

S. Artemenko, O. Kovtun
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在初耕条件下,合理利用水分,按N30Р30К30用量施用矿肥,研究了玉米和大豆在水分不足条件下籽粒生产力的形成。在水分不足的条件下,玉米与大豆行交作时,黑穗病的光照发生了显著变化,尤其是相邻行。在这种情况下,空气的温度和湿度,土壤表面和行与行之间存在差异。玉米和大豆宽行播种,行距45 cm比70 cm效果最好。行距为30和45 cm的大豆叶片冠层下,下午(1时)的气温比露天土壤区和结茧地表低4.5 ~ 6.2℃。在相邻的一排排,玉米在上午和下午遮蔽大豆;它们较少暴露在阳光下,有更有利的生长和发育条件。行距为45 cm的大豆和玉米小区产量最高。全地块大豆和玉米籽粒产量分别为2.04和4.55 t/ hm2,最高;大豆和玉米1吨成本在行间距为45 cm的条播条件下最低。行距为30 cm的条播大豆生产成本略高。当行宽为70 cm时,成本增加240 UAH,利润减少98 UAH。行间距为45 cm的轮作大豆和玉米的收益率分别为114%和128%。关键词:玉米、大豆、粗条种植、播种方式、生产成本、成本价格、利润、盈利能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Agroeconomic justification of the maize and soybean production at coulisse-strip planting
We researched the formation of maize and soybean grain productivity in conditions of insufficient moisture at coulisse-strip planting with mineral fertilizer application in a rate of N30Р30К30 under primary tillage and rational use of moisture. In conditions of insufficient moisture and at the alternation of maize and soybean rows, it was found that the illumination of the agrocenosis significantly changed, especially in adjacent rows. In this case, there were differences in temperature and humidity of air, on soil surface and between rows on the plot. The best results were obtained with the wide-row sowing maize and soybeans with 45 cm row spacing compared to 70 cm row spacing. Under the canopy of closed soybean leaves in 30 and 45 cm row spacing, the air temperature at afternoon (1:00 p.m.) was by 4.5–6.2 ° C lower than in open soil areas and above the agrocenosis surface. In adjacent rows, maize plants shaded soybean plants in the morning and afternoon; they were less exposed to sunlight and had more favorable conditions for growth and development. The soybean and maize plot with 45 cm row spacing was the most productive. Grain productivity of soybean and maize plants from the whole plot was 2.04 and 4.55 t/ha, respectively, and was maximum. The cost of 1 ton of soybean and maize grain was the lowest at coulisse-strip planting with 45 cm row spacing. When growing soybeans in coulisse-strip planting with row spacing of 30 cm, the cost of production was slightly higher. In case when row width was 70 cm, a cost increased and a profit decreased by 240 and 98 UAH, re-spectively. The profitability of soybean and maize cultivation at coulisse-strip planting with 45 cm row spac-ing was 114 and 128%, respectively. Keywords: maize, soybeans, coulisse-strip planting, sowing method, production costs, cost price, profit, profitability.
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