A Review: Growing Rice in the Controlled Environments

ABSTRACT: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple crop. Rice is a source of essential vitamins such as vitamin C and B6, carbohydrates and other nutrients such as selenium and phosphorous. About 90% of world’s rice are cultivated in Asia and Africa. China is the leading producer. It fulfills 70% income and nutrition needs of Asian population. Rice can be the potential solution to hunger and malnutrition, especially in poor, developing countries. The methods of rice growth are transplanting and cultivation media, grow in hydroponic condition and grow in soil. The production of rice is impacted by biotic stressors, which are present in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions around the world. Multiple diseases can be brought on by biotic pressures caused by climate change. To mitigate the impact of climate change and enhance rice cultivation unique germplasms are being cultivated. This review presents unique germplasm of rice and their cultivators, methods of rice cultivation, disadvantages of rice cultivation for research purpose and diseases that affect rice.