An Advanced PV Simulation Model for Electric Vehicles with Photovoltaic Installations

In this paper, we investigate the difference between charging electric vehicles with photovoltaic (PV) installations installed on top of buildings and PV installations embedded into vehicles. In future, photovoltaics will be integrated into hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) as well as into connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) for extending the electrical driving range (EDR) of these types of vehicles. Over the past decade, charging patterns of electric vehicles have been studied extensively and how the costs for electricity affect the time for charging electric vehicles. If PV cells are embedded for example into the roof of an electric vehicle, electricity can be produced wherever the car goes, both, under parking and driving conditions. We discuss how these circumstances will affect and change the calculation of charging patterns for electric vehicles.