Study of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Charging by Using Load Shaving Method Based on TOU in Distribution System: A Case Study in Thailand

Today, the plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are proposed to solve global warming problem which intensifying problem with the advantages of smokeless, soundless, and scentless. However, the uncontrolled charging PEVs impacts on voltage deviation, increasing of losses and decreasing of transformer life in the distribution system. The paper proposes PEVs charging model at residential houses by using load shaving method based on time of use rate (TOU) in the distribution system in Thailand. The model is considered under constraints of the power limitation in the transformer and phase power unbalancing. The results show that the load shaving method can control charging under the constraints whereas the off-peak load time and available time of PEVs are mismatched. Therefore, the total electric energy price with TOU rate is higher than the normal electric energy price. On the other hand, PEVs charging at off-peak time gets electric energy price and percent charging lower than uncontrolled off-peak time.