灌溉对俄罗斯中高加索黑钙土碳酸盐状态的影响

O.S. Khokhlova, E.A. Arlashina, I.S. Kovalevskaya
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引用次数: 12

摘要

对中高加索地区(俄罗斯)斯塔夫罗波尔高地的非灌溉和灌溉普通黑钙土进行了研究。采用多种形态和仪器方法对土壤中的碳酸盐进行了详细的研究。这种方法使我们能够揭示灌溉黑钙土碳酸盐状态的本质变化,这是土壤湿度变化和30年淡水灌溉下淋滤过程的主导结果。这些变化包括碳酸盐—沉积层的空间变异性和不稳定性明显增强,该层内碳酸盐含量的数据离散性最高,碳酸盐物质流动性增加的迹象以及碳酸盐成藏机制的变化。在灌溉作用下,碳酸盐随土壤溶液移动,碳酸盐聚集的移动迁移形式、分离形式和造岩结核都发生了改变。灌溉30年导致普通黑钙土碳酸盐状态发生了不利的复垦变化:土壤上部脱钙化,上层流动碳酸盐堆积消失,剖面下部致密碳酸盐硬化层的起始点在剖面下部,土壤溶液中钙、镁含量增加。由于碳酸盐岩参数的内在变异性和影响碳酸盐岩状态的因素众多,研究的问题比较复杂。由于农业生产系统的可持续性、预测和克服灌溉的不利后果、温室效应的最新问题以及碳酸盐储量对气候变化的反应等问题的重要性,需要进行更多的工作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effect of irrigation on the carbonate status of Chernozems of Central Precaucasus (Russia)

Non-irrigated and irrigated Ordinary Chernozems of Stavropol Upland, Central Precaucasus (Russia), were examined. A number of morphological and instrumental methods was used for detailed investigation of the carbonates in the soils. This approach allowed us to reveal the essential change of the carbonate status of the irrigated Chernozems as a result of changing the soil moisture regime and the predominance of leaching processes under 30 years irrigation by fresh water. The changes included distinct enhancement of spatial variability and instability of carbonate-illuvial horizon deposition, the highest data scatter on carbonate content within this horizon, the signs of increased mobility of carbonate material and the change of the mechanism of the carbonate accumulations. Carbonates moving with soil solutions and mobile migrational forms of carbonate accumulations as well as segregating forms and lithogenic concretions were transformed under the irrigation. Irrigation for 30 years resulted in unfavorable reclamative changes of the Ordinary Chernozems carbonate status: decalcification of the upper part of the solum, disappearance of the mobile carbonate accumulations from the upper horizons, the initial point of the compact carbonate-hardened horizon in the low part of profile and the increase of the calcium and magnesium content in the soil solution. The problem studied is complicated because of the inherent variability of carbonate parameters and the multitude of factors having an influence on carbonate status. Much more work is needed because of the importance of the topic for sustainability of agricultural production systems, for prediction and overcoming of unfavorable consequences of irrigation, for the up-to-date problem of the greenhouse effect and the response of carbonate reserves to climate changes.

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