Image du corps et estime de soi des patients VIH au Gabon

Objective

The study proposes the analysis of the relationship between body image, self-esteem and body shame (dependent variables) in HIV patients according to their age, gender, level of education, HIV status and year of their HIV screening. We also wanted to see how independent variables (gender and age) affect self-esteem, body image and body shame.

Methods

Participants included 158 HIV patients (men and women) who completed a battery of self-report measures: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), the Bruchon-Schweitzer Body Image Scale (BIS) (1990), and the body shame subscale from the Shame Experience Scale (ESS) by Andrews et al. (2002).

Results

The first hypothesis, which tests the link between self-esteem, body image and body shame and the sociodemographic variables (age, gender, level of education, HIV status and year of screening), showed a significant relationship among Gabonese HIV patients. The second hypothesis, which evaluates the influence of age and gender on all our dependent variables (self-esteem, body image and body shame), indicated that women are no more likely to express more body dissatisfaction and shame about their bodies and their level of self-esteem is no lower than that of men. Finally, an intergroup comparison demonstrated that self-esteem is lower among youth in certain age groups.

Conclusion

There are significant links between self-esteem, body image and body shame with a lower level of self-esteem in young HIV patients. For clinicians involved in the management of HIV patients, knowledge of the level of self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and body shame would allow for the development of appropriate care and therapeutic intervention goals (therapeutic group, self-efficacy group).