肿瘤靶向治疗的优势与前景:文献综述

A. Murina, А. Uaisova, A. Ergalieva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

相关性:癌症是全球第二大死亡原因,预计2021年将造成约1930万新病例和1000万死亡。随着对驱动人类癌症发展和进展的分子途径的前所未有的理解,新的靶向治疗已经成为抗癌医学的一个令人兴奋的新发展。这些靶向治疗,也被称为生物治疗,通过特异性靶向细胞生长和肿瘤发生所需的分子来阻断癌细胞的生长,已经成为一种主要的治疗方式。由于它们的特异性,与其他治疗方案(包括激素和细胞毒性治疗)相比,这些新疗法有望具有更好的疗效和有限的不良副作用。本研究旨在提供肿瘤实践中使用靶向治疗的优势和前景的详细概述。Мethods:检索在以下数据库中进行:Scopus, Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect 2016-2021年。检索了以下关键词:临床试验,免疫治疗,单克隆抗体,小分子量抑制剂,靶向治疗。结果:本文综述了靶向抗癌治疗的临床发展、成功和面临的挑战,包括小分子抑制剂和抗体靶向治疗。作者描述了针对表皮生长因子受体、血管内皮生长因子、人表皮生长因子受体2、间变性淋巴瘤激酶、BRAF、t细胞介导的免疫反应抑制剂、细胞毒性t淋巴细胞相关蛋白4和程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1/PD-1配体的靶向治疗。结论:在过去的十年中,癌症治疗发生了重大变化,包括靶向治疗,它已经变得越来越普遍。然而,在单一疗法中,靶向药物表现出低活性。此外,选择接受靶向治疗的患者仍然是一项艰巨的任务,因为没有足够可靠的生物标志物来预测大多数靶向药物的作用。这需要对分子生物学进行更深入的研究,即决定肿瘤疾病发病机制的信号通路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ADVANTAGES AND PROSPECTS OF TARGETED THERAPY IN ONCOLOGICAL PRACTICE: A literature review
Relevance: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is expected to be responsible for approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths in 2021. With an unprecedented understanding of the molecular pathways that drive the development and progression of human cancers, novel targeted therapies have become an exciting new development for anti-cancer medicine. These targeted therapies, also known as biologic therapies, have become a primary treatment modality by blocking the growth of cancer cells by specifically targeting molecules required for cell growth and tumorigenesis. Due to their specificity, these new therapies are expected to have better efficacy and limited adverse side effects compared to other treatment options, including hormonal and cytotoxic therapies. The study aimed to provide a detailed overview of the advantages and prospects of using targeted therapy in oncological practice. Мethods: The search was carried out in the following databases: Scopus, Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect for 2016-2021. Sources were searched for the following keywords: clinical trials, immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, small molecular weight inhibitors, targeted therapy. Results: This review explores the clinical development, successes, and challenges facing targeted anti-cancer therapies, including both small molecule inhibitors and antibody-targeted therapies. The authors describe targeted therapies to epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, BRAF, T-cell mediated immune response inhibitors, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, and programmed cell death protein-1/PD-1 ligand. Conclusion: Over the past decade, there have been significant changes in cancer treatment, including targeted therapy, which has become more common. However, in monotherapy, targeted drugs show low activity. In addition, the selection of patients for targeted therapy remains a difficult task since there are not enough reliable biomarkers to predict the action of most targeted agents. This requires a deeper study of molecular biology, namely signaling pathways that determine the pathogenesis of oncological diseases.
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