Caudal regression syndrome with a solitary kidney: A case report and review of the literature

Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is a rare, congenital anomaly that is often complicated by a neurogenic bladder. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in aforesaid patient present an added challenge in the management. The aim and objective of this study is to report a rare case of CRS with neurogenic bladder and right solitary hydronephrotic kidney. The patient was a 3-year-old female infant with burdensome lower urinary tract symptoms and congenital back and lower limbs deformities. Her examination unveiled vertebra and lower limbs anomalies. The computed tomography scan showed lumbosacrococcygeal agenesis with a right solitary hydronephrotic kidney. She was treated for urinary tract infection at presentation, after which cystometry confirmed high-pressure neurogenic bladder. She did well to the initial continuous bladder drainage and the ensuing oxybutynin with clean intermittent catheterization. Instantaneous management of the bladder dysfunction prevents potentially permanent solitary renal dysfunction and the secondary bladder malfunction in a patient with CRS and neurogenic bladder.