应用生物试验方法评价地表水生态状况

IF 0.3 Q4 GEOLOGY
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目的。分析国内外根据欧洲立法规定解决地表水化学污染问题及其经济后果的经验。方法。系统analysis.Results。为评价地表水化学污染的环境后果选择一套最佳的生物试验方法;研究在欧洲和其他外国实行的环境责任制度,以及关于对违反水法的损害进行赔偿的国家条例。利用生物测试技术对国外和国内资料进行分析,以评估地表水的生态状况并确定水和化学品的毒性。在世界实践中,采用生物试验方法来获取有害有毒化学品对水生生态系统影响的数据。生物试验是可用的和便宜的(当使用特别设计的修改为实际需要),不需要对表演者进行特殊培训,可以很容易地掌握在实际实验室。为了根据《水框架指令2000/60 / EC》的建议评估和控制地表水的质量及其污染源,生物测试技术使用了“一组基本分类群”——藻类、甲壳类动物和鱼类。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Use of Biotesting Methods for Assessing the Ecological Condition of Surface Waters
Purpose. Analysis of national and foreign experience in solving the problem of chemical pollution of surface waters and its economic consequences in accordance with the provisions of European legislation. Methods. System analysis. Results. Selection of the optimal set of biotesting methods for assessing the environmental consequences of chemical pollution of surface waters; study of the system of environmental liability, which operates in European and other foreign countries, and national regulations on the recovery of damages for violations of water legislation. The analysis of foreign and national sources on the use of biotesting techniques to assess the ecological status of surface waters and determine the toxic properties of water and chemicals. In world practice, a biotesting method is used to obtain data on the effects of hazardous toxic chemicals on aquatic ecosystems. Biotests are available and cheap (when using specially designed modifications for practical needs), do not require special training of performers and can be easily mastered in practical laboratories. Conclusions. To assess and control the quality of surface waters and their sources of pollution in accordance with the recommendations of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EC, biotesting techniques are used using a "basic set of taxa" - algae, crustaceans and fish.
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